1. What does nervous system does
2. Diffusion and Action Potentials in Neurons
3. Myelin Sheath
4. Neurons
5. Synapse
6. Reflex arc (simple somatic function) and autonomic function
7. How Sensation happens
8. Sensory fields in the brain
9. Body Sensory
10. Special senses in the head
1. What does the nervous system does
The nervous system controls the intake of sensory information, processes the information and creates motor outputs, the response to the intake. All neurons in the nervous system send signals the same way. That is a very simple and basic explanation of the nervous system, it is way complicated.
2. Diffusion and Action Potential in Neurons
Diffusion is when move on transport proteins in the cell membrane. Action potential is the rapid transmission of messages that takes place in the body through the nervous system. This allows us to analyze the information of out environment quickly. It is done through diffusion in the cell membrane.
3. Myelin Sheath
The myelin sheath is one nerve that consists of hundreds or thousand of axons. It is a fat based nerve that helps to insolate neurons and to help with action potential. The myelin is located in the cells that surround the axon that are called Schwann cells, this allows action potential to go to nodes where the cell membrane is exposed. The saltatory or jumping of action potential, it saves energy and makes it more efficient.
4. Neurons
Neurons are the cells that transmit action potential and are the main cell in the nervous system. Neurons receive the information that they transmit from sensory cells or other neurons that already have the information. Neurons can be super long. The axon of the cell is what carries the message. One of the things I found most interesting about neurons is that they don’t procreate, go through mitosis or die. There are two main types of neurons; sensory neurons that give information to the organs and tissue, and motor neurons that send information to every muscle.
5. Synapse
Synapse occurs when the action potential has been carried out to the end. A Neurotransmitter is secreted to stimulate connecting neurons. According to http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Synapse there are 5 different kinds of synapse, they are as follows: “1. Chemical synapse: one in which an action potential causes the exocytosis of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic cell, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to ligand gated ion channels on the post synaptic cell. These ion channels then affect the resting potential of the post synaptic cell. 2. Electrical synapse: one in which electrical connection is made directly through the cytoplasm, via gap junctions. 3. Rectifying synapse: one in which action potentials can only pass across the synapse in one direction (all chemical and some electrical synapses). 4. Excitatory synapse: one in which the firing of the presynaptic cell increases the probability of firing of the postsynaptic cell. 5. Inhibitory synapse: one in which the firing of the presynaptic cell reduces the probability of firing of the postsynaptic cell.
6. Reflex arc (simple somatic function) and autonomic function
The Reflex arc is one of the coolest things I’ve learned about. The reflex arc is an arc of electrical current that jumps from one neuron to another to activate involuntary action. The axon forms a new synapse, which transmits the impulse to the motor neuron to send the single.
7. How Sensation happens
Sensations occur when our bodies sense something through conscious somatic sensory perception. There are special sensory receptors whose job it is to process the information that our senses are picking up. The receptor sells tell the sensory neurons what is going on through action potential. And finally the brain and the spinal cord figure out the details, of the what where and how much.
8. Sensory fields in the brain
This is done through large areas in the brain that organize information spatially. This is done for vision and touch through the skin.
9. Body Sensory
The body senses touch, pain, temperature and pressure through the skin. Our body knows the position it is in through proprioception. The body senses what is going on around it and information is sent through the neurons to the brain and spinal cord for interpretation.
10. Special senses in the head
Many of the senses that help us perceive the world and our place in it are located in the head. They are taste, smell, vision, hearing and equilibrium, which is a sense that is in the inner ear.
Works Cited:
http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0097305.html, http://www.merthyrlearns.com/mod/resource/view.php?id=5276, Sources: Sources: Frolich PowerPoint for cells and Human Biology 10th edition, Human Biology 10th
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