Cilia and flagella
Endoplasmic reticulum smooth with ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum no with ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Mitochomdria
Nucleus with nuclear membrane
Lysosome and visicles
Final Cell !!!! :-)
Friday, September 19, 2008
LAB PROJECT FOR UNIT I: Cell Metabolism and Gene Function
Below is a model of a basic animal cell made out of house hold items. For each part of the cell represented there is a picture and an explanation and then there is a final picture of the cell.
Cilia and flagella
Endoplasmic reticulum smooth with ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum no with ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Mitochomdria
Nucleus with nuclear membrane
Lysosome and visicles
Final Cell !!!! :-)
Cilia and flagella
Endoplasmic reticulum smooth with ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum no with ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Mitochomdria
Nucleus with nuclear membrane
Lysosome and visicles
Final Cell !!!! :-)
Topic two lab dragons and flies
Genotype
The genotype is the set of genes in an organism, whether it is a cell or a whole human.
Phenotype
The appearance of an organism as a result of how the genotype reacts to its environment.
Allele
One of the two genes that are on different parts of a chromosome. These control what traits an organism has at birth, one from mother and one from the father, like in the case of the dragons. In the case of the dragons they have the same allele.
Cross
The point at which different characteristics interact.
Dominant
The dominant gene is the one that determines things like hair color.
Recessive
This refers to the gene whose affect isn’t detectable.
Below are the pictures of my succesful labs. :-)
The genotype is the set of genes in an organism, whether it is a cell or a whole human.
Phenotype
The appearance of an organism as a result of how the genotype reacts to its environment.
Allele
One of the two genes that are on different parts of a chromosome. These control what traits an organism has at birth, one from mother and one from the father, like in the case of the dragons. In the case of the dragons they have the same allele.
Cross
The point at which different characteristics interact.
Dominant
The dominant gene is the one that determines things like hair color.
Recessive
This refers to the gene whose affect isn’t detectable.
Below are the pictures of my succesful labs. :-)
Microscope Lab
To move the stage into place, there are two knobs on the right side of the microscope. One moves the stage up and down and the other moves it left to right. It works the same whether or not you’re looking through the microscope.
To focus you should be looking through the oculars. Start with the lens very close to the specimen then focus upward till the image becomes clear. Repeat until things are very clear.
The iris serves as a way to angle of light. To adjust the iris find the knob attached to the iris and move from one side to the other.
To move the oculars all you have to do is slide them to one side or the other to fit your face. The oculars are what you look through to see the specimen.
There are normally 3 to 4 objective lenses per microscope. On the one we used there are 4 and we used the 40x magnification. To move from one objective to another simple turn the wheel they’re attached to.
Few things differ on a real microscope when adjusting setting when looking through the oculars or not.
To focus you should be looking through the oculars. Start with the lens very close to the specimen then focus upward till the image becomes clear. Repeat until things are very clear.
The iris serves as a way to angle of light. To adjust the iris find the knob attached to the iris and move from one side to the other.
To move the oculars all you have to do is slide them to one side or the other to fit your face. The oculars are what you look through to see the specimen.
There are normally 3 to 4 objective lenses per microscope. On the one we used there are 4 and we used the 40x magnification. To move from one objective to another simple turn the wheel they’re attached to.
Few things differ on a real microscope when adjusting setting when looking through the oculars or not.
Thursday, September 18, 2008
Unit 1 Compendium Review
Table of Contents
1. Characteristics of Life
2. Science
3. Molecules
4. Water and Living Things
5. Cells
6. Components of the Cell
7. Cell metabolism
8. Cellular Respiration
9. Tissue
1. Characteristics of life
Life is characterized as an organism that grows, develops and evolves. The evolution of life is the explanation for the diversity of species. Life needs energy, reproduces, and responds to stimulus. Life is homeostasis.
Sources: Frolich PowerPoint for cells and Human Biology 10th edition
2. Science
Science is used to study the natural world to better understand why things work the way they do. Understanding these things help humans to life better by interacting with their world, stimuli, nutrients and body better. As science students and scientist we have the responsibility to use science for the betterment of our world.
3. Atoms to Molecules
Atoms from molecules. Atoms are the basis of all living things. Atoms are made up of a nucleus and one or more electrons.
Atom
Scource: http://content.answers.com/main/content/img/ahd4/A4atom.jpg
4. Water and Living Things
Water supports and allows for life. At it’s most basic form it nourishes enables the lymph and all liquid operations of the body. The characteristics of different types of water affect our bodies differently.
Sources: Human Biology 10th edition
Water Molecule
Source: http://www.answers.com/water%20molecule
5. Cells fundamental unit of life
Cells are tiny organisms that are their own individual working unit. Cells make up all living things. Cells are made of many different components.
Animal cell
Source: http://www.uvm.edu/~inquiryb/webquest/fa06/mvogenbe/Animal-Cell.jpg
a. Two types of cells
There are two basic types of cells.
I. Prokaryotic cells
The Prokaryotic cell has small ribosomes, which build proteins from information from the DNA. The DNA is made up of a few small molecules. The mitochondria and chloroplasts are also much smaller and simpler than in the eukaryotic cell.
II. Eukaryotic cells
The eukaryotic cell is a very complex cell, it is found in humans. It has l larger ribosomes than the prokaryotic cells.
6. Components of the Cell
a. Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are used for energy storage in its complex form. It is the fuel of the mitochondria.
b. Ribosomes
Ribosomes are organelles that are made of RNA and protein. They float freely in the cell. They are the site of protein synthesis.
Ribosome
Source: http://www.phy.ohiou.edu/~phillips/Colloquium/images/image_08may22.jpg
c. Lipids
Lipids are fats. In the cell they work to as part of the outer membrane to protect the inside of the cell.
Lipid
Source: http://www.dgfett.de/meetings/archiv/greifswald/lipid2.jpg
d. Proteins
Proteins are made form amino acids they folds into a very complicated form. They are very complex, and the shape individual proteins make are due to their function.
Protein molecule
Source: http://www.scienceclarified.com/images/uesc_08_img0474.jpg
e. DNA/RNA
The job of DNA/RNA is to store and use information. They tell the cell how it should grow, what it should do and overall function. DNA replicates itself to pass on the information that it contains.
RNA and DNA
Source: http://www.bible-codes.org/images/dna-rna.gif
f. Cilia and Flagella
Are made of microtubules. They are folded organelles that are found in eukaryotic cells. They produce energy in the form of ATP. Their origin may be from an engulfed prokaryotic cell.
Cilia and Flagella
Source: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/ciliaandflagella/images/ciliaandflagellafigure1.jpg
g. ATP
ATP allows reactions to take t\place especially in the production of energy. ATP is most often made from oxygen
I. Fermentation
ATP can be produced without oxygen through fermentation. Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm. It takes place when humans need short bursts of energy.
Sources: http://www.essortment.com/all/whatisatp_rcbe.htm
h. Plasma Membrane
The plasma membrane is on the outer part of the cell and serves as a type of door. It lets some things in and keeps others out. It is embedded with protein. Is supported by its cholesterol.
I. Ways for things to move through the membrane
-Diffusion
-Osmosis
-Active transport
-Facilitated transport
i. Endomembrane system
Endomembrane is a system of membranes that transport molecules in the cell.
j. Mitochondria
The mitochondrion of the cell produces energy for the cell to function. They are organelles with two membranes.
Source: http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/mitochon.htm
Source: http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/zoology/AnimalPhysiology/Anatomy/AnimalCellStructure/Mitochondria/mitochondria.jpg
7. Cell metabolism
Is when the cell breaks molecules down for further use.
8. Cellular respiration
Cellular respirations occur in the mitochondria and produces ATP. This is the ATP production mechanism that does involve oxygen. Glucose is usually the source of energy in respiration.
9. Types of Tissue
-Connective
-Muscular
-Nervous
-Epithelial
Source: http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSH0oX1t3AaQf73_iob7fNSNUvQfmBr4wla4Sa0XSgeWsh6epBWfKLP7TU45y0gPEIrm6pEE30QJG3p-1PRg41nzwXE51KQE4DGc_dKJEy627FrEjjkSHgCZQiefqOOBexx-YiFDS-22o/s320/practi6%255B1%255D.jpg&imgrefurl=http://jennifer-science.blogspot.com/2007_10_01_archive.html&h=180&w=320&sz=11&hl=en&start=32&um=1&usg=__jWBkKPaKXeKT0zGBsB_poTQ2Iwg=&tbnid=ki1uV-xto6WysM:&tbnh=66&tbnw=118&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpicture%2Bof%2BMuscular%2Btissue%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DADBS,ADBS:2008-34,ADBS:en%26sa%3DN
1. Characteristics of Life
2. Science
3. Molecules
4. Water and Living Things
5. Cells
6. Components of the Cell
7. Cell metabolism
8. Cellular Respiration
9. Tissue
1. Characteristics of life
Life is characterized as an organism that grows, develops and evolves. The evolution of life is the explanation for the diversity of species. Life needs energy, reproduces, and responds to stimulus. Life is homeostasis.
Sources: Frolich PowerPoint for cells and Human Biology 10th edition
2. Science
Science is used to study the natural world to better understand why things work the way they do. Understanding these things help humans to life better by interacting with their world, stimuli, nutrients and body better. As science students and scientist we have the responsibility to use science for the betterment of our world.
3. Atoms to Molecules
Atoms from molecules. Atoms are the basis of all living things. Atoms are made up of a nucleus and one or more electrons.
Atom
Scource: http://content.answers.com/main/content/img/ahd4/A4atom.jpg
4. Water and Living Things
Water supports and allows for life. At it’s most basic form it nourishes enables the lymph and all liquid operations of the body. The characteristics of different types of water affect our bodies differently.
Sources: Human Biology 10th edition
Water Molecule
Source: http://www.answers.com/water%20molecule
5. Cells fundamental unit of life
Cells are tiny organisms that are their own individual working unit. Cells make up all living things. Cells are made of many different components.
Animal cell
Source: http://www.uvm.edu/~inquiryb/webquest/fa06/mvogenbe/Animal-Cell.jpg
a. Two types of cells
There are two basic types of cells.
I. Prokaryotic cells
The Prokaryotic cell has small ribosomes, which build proteins from information from the DNA. The DNA is made up of a few small molecules. The mitochondria and chloroplasts are also much smaller and simpler than in the eukaryotic cell.
II. Eukaryotic cells
The eukaryotic cell is a very complex cell, it is found in humans. It has l larger ribosomes than the prokaryotic cells.
6. Components of the Cell
a. Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are used for energy storage in its complex form. It is the fuel of the mitochondria.
b. Ribosomes
Ribosomes are organelles that are made of RNA and protein. They float freely in the cell. They are the site of protein synthesis.
Ribosome
Source: http://www.phy.ohiou.edu/~phillips/Colloquium/images/image_08may22.jpg
c. Lipids
Lipids are fats. In the cell they work to as part of the outer membrane to protect the inside of the cell.
Lipid
Source: http://www.dgfett.de/meetings/archiv/greifswald/lipid2.jpg
d. Proteins
Proteins are made form amino acids they folds into a very complicated form. They are very complex, and the shape individual proteins make are due to their function.
Protein molecule
Source: http://www.scienceclarified.com/images/uesc_08_img0474.jpg
e. DNA/RNA
The job of DNA/RNA is to store and use information. They tell the cell how it should grow, what it should do and overall function. DNA replicates itself to pass on the information that it contains.
RNA and DNA
Source: http://www.bible-codes.org/images/dna-rna.gif
f. Cilia and Flagella
Are made of microtubules. They are folded organelles that are found in eukaryotic cells. They produce energy in the form of ATP. Their origin may be from an engulfed prokaryotic cell.
Cilia and Flagella
Source: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/ciliaandflagella/images/ciliaandflagellafigure1.jpg
g. ATP
ATP allows reactions to take t\place especially in the production of energy. ATP is most often made from oxygen
I. Fermentation
ATP can be produced without oxygen through fermentation. Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm. It takes place when humans need short bursts of energy.
Sources: http://www.essortment.com/all/whatisatp_rcbe.htm
h. Plasma Membrane
The plasma membrane is on the outer part of the cell and serves as a type of door. It lets some things in and keeps others out. It is embedded with protein. Is supported by its cholesterol.
I. Ways for things to move through the membrane
-Diffusion
-Osmosis
-Active transport
-Facilitated transport
i. Endomembrane system
Endomembrane is a system of membranes that transport molecules in the cell.
j. Mitochondria
The mitochondrion of the cell produces energy for the cell to function. They are organelles with two membranes.
Source: http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/mitochon.htm
Source: http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/zoology/AnimalPhysiology/Anatomy/AnimalCellStructure/Mitochondria/mitochondria.jpg
7. Cell metabolism
Is when the cell breaks molecules down for further use.
8. Cellular respiration
Cellular respirations occur in the mitochondria and produces ATP. This is the ATP production mechanism that does involve oxygen. Glucose is usually the source of energy in respiration.
9. Types of Tissue
-Connective
-Muscular
-Nervous
-Epithelial
Source: http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSH0oX1t3AaQf73_iob7fNSNUvQfmBr4wla4Sa0XSgeWsh6epBWfKLP7TU45y0gPEIrm6pEE30QJG3p-1PRg41nzwXE51KQE4DGc_dKJEy627FrEjjkSHgCZQiefqOOBexx-YiFDS-22o/s320/practi6%255B1%255D.jpg&imgrefurl=http://jennifer-science.blogspot.com/2007_10_01_archive.html&h=180&w=320&sz=11&hl=en&start=32&um=1&usg=__jWBkKPaKXeKT0zGBsB_poTQ2Iwg=&tbnid=ki1uV-xto6WysM:&tbnh=66&tbnw=118&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpicture%2Bof%2BMuscular%2Btissue%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DADBS,ADBS:2008-34,ADBS:en%26sa%3DN
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