REGARDING YOUR OWN PERFORMANCE
1. What were the three aspects of the assignments I've submitted that I am most proud of?
I think I did a very good job explaining contraception in the unit 4 part 1 Compendium Review. I also thought I did a good job on the unit 4 part 1 lab for the stages of the fetus. And the lab for Demographics I felt I did a good job on.
2. What two aspects of my submitted assignments do I believe could have used some improvement?
I should have explained myself more thoroughly in the second Compendium Review and I ethical issues essay should have been longer
3. What do I believe my overall grade should be for this unit?
I think I did about B work, some was A, but overall it is a B.
4. How could I perform better in the next unit?
Well, in my next science class, since there isn’t another unit I need to allow myself more time.
REGARDING THE UNIT (adapted from Stephen Brookfield, University of St. Thomas "Critical Incident Questionnaire")
1. At what moment during this unit did you feel most engaged with the course?
When I was studying the development of the child in the women, it was fascinating and inspiring.
2. At what moment unit did you feel most distanced from the course?
Oh, trying to get through the reading the demographics study about Asia for the ethical issues essay, it was long and tedious.
3. What action that anyone (teacher or student) took during this unit that find most affirming and helpful?
I was having trouble with the demographics simulator and I logged on to the ning network and someone else had had the same problem and I was able to get the answer I needed.
4. What action that anyone (teacher or student) took during this unit did you find most puzzling or confusing?
Nothing, I didn’t work with other students of the teacher enough for that to be an issue.
5. What about this unit surprised you the most? (This could be something about your own reactions to the course, something that someone did, or anything else that occurs to you.)
I think I found studying demographics the most surprising, I didn’t know about the Great leap forward or the huge number’s of aging population in places other than china.
Friday, December 12, 2008
UNit 4 Lab
1. Herb in my tea, Licorice (Liquiritia officinalis) it was my prey, this is in part a domesticated species as it is grown by humans, but it also occurs naturally in nature.
Me drinking tea
2. Whole wheat flour in cereal (Triticum aestivum) this was my prey. Wheat has been domesticated for consumption by humans is domesticated animals.
Me eating cereal
4. A Man, my boyfriend, (homosapien) we have a symbiotic relationship, and I cause I could say that he is domesticated.
Mike and I
5. Pet Gerbils (Gerbillinae) our relationship is mutualistic, I take care of them and they bring me joy. They are domesticated.
Me holding one of the gerbils
6. House dust mites breathed in (Dermatophagoides) because I breathed them which is a type of consumption I will say that they are my prey. No they are not domesticated.
7. Bacteria scrubbed of in the shower (E. coli), I suppose the relationship would be commensal at best. This is not a domesticated species.
8. Bacteria taken out of my mouth through brushing and flossing (Streptococcus) a commensal relationship, again, at best. It is not a domesticated species.
Me brushing my teeth
9. Potassium alum in my deodorant I have a commensal relationship with my deodorant. This is not a domesticated species.
10. Soybeans in my hair serum (Glycine max) I have a commensal relationship with this domesticated species.
11. Rosemary in my hair spray (Rosemaryinus officinalis) I have a commensal relationship with the somewhat domesticated for human use rosemary in my hairspray.
12. Green tea in my lotion (Camellia sinensis) I have a commensal relationship with this species that has been domesticated for agricultural purposes for later human use.
13. Lavender extract in shaving lotion (Lavandula angustifolia) I have a commensal relationship with the lavender in my shaving lotion. Lavender has been domesticated for human use.
14. Quinoa in lunch casserole (Chenopodium quinoa). Quinoa is my prey and it has been domesticated for human consumption.
Me eating the cassarole
15. Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) I have a mutualistic relationship, I give the plant water it gives my house beauty. It has been widely domesticated for human use.
Me watering the Poinsettia
16. Rice in rice syrup (Oryza sativa), the rice is my prey and it has been domesticated for thousands of years.
17. Mold, that I scrubbed off in the shower (Yellow Cladosporium), I consider it to be a predator because it harms my body, it is not domesticated.
Me scrubbing mold
18. Caster oil in lip balm (Ricinus communis) I have a commensal relationship with my domesticated caster oil.
Me putting lip balm on
19. Live Oak trees, at school, Prescott College, (Quercus virginiana). I have a symbiotic relationship with the undomesticated oak trees.
20. The neighbor’s cat (Feline) I have a symbiotic relationship with this domesticated creator.
21. Coco in chocolate I gave someone (Lodoicea maldivica) I have a symbiotic relationship with the coco because I did not consume this domesticated species.
22. Carrot for with lunch (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) This carrot was my prey. The carrot has been domesticated for human use.
23. My parent’s dog (Canis lupus familiaris). I have a symbiotic relationship with this domesticated creator.
24. Yeast from dog’s ear infection (Malassezia Pachydermatis) I have a symbiotic relationship with the undomesticated yeast. My dog has a parasitic relationship with the yeast.
25. Bacteria from my moms kiss (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) I have a symbiotic relationship with the undomesticated bacteria.
26. Chard, for dinner (Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla.) I have a prey relationship with my chard, which has been domesticated for human use.
27. Green Olive’s in Oil (Olea europaea) I have a prey relationship with the olives in my olive oil, which has been domesticated for human use.
28. A cow, by way of the leather of my purse (Bos taurus) You could say that I have a prey relationship, because even though I didn’t eat the cow, it was killed for my use. Cows have been domesticated.
Me holding my purse
29. A sheep, by way of my wool coat (Ovis aries) I have a commensal relationship with this domesticated animal.
30. Hemp seed in the hemp milk I drank (Cannabis sativa) I have a prey relationship with the hemp that I consumed. Hemp has been domesticated for various purposes, including my innocent hemp milk.
Me drinking tea
2. Whole wheat flour in cereal (Triticum aestivum) this was my prey. Wheat has been domesticated for consumption by humans is domesticated animals.
Me eating cereal
4. A Man, my boyfriend, (homosapien) we have a symbiotic relationship, and I cause I could say that he is domesticated.
Mike and I
5. Pet Gerbils (Gerbillinae) our relationship is mutualistic, I take care of them and they bring me joy. They are domesticated.
Me holding one of the gerbils
6. House dust mites breathed in (Dermatophagoides) because I breathed them which is a type of consumption I will say that they are my prey. No they are not domesticated.
7. Bacteria scrubbed of in the shower (E. coli), I suppose the relationship would be commensal at best. This is not a domesticated species.
8. Bacteria taken out of my mouth through brushing and flossing (Streptococcus) a commensal relationship, again, at best. It is not a domesticated species.
Me brushing my teeth
9. Potassium alum in my deodorant I have a commensal relationship with my deodorant. This is not a domesticated species.
10. Soybeans in my hair serum (Glycine max) I have a commensal relationship with this domesticated species.
11. Rosemary in my hair spray (Rosemaryinus officinalis) I have a commensal relationship with the somewhat domesticated for human use rosemary in my hairspray.
12. Green tea in my lotion (Camellia sinensis) I have a commensal relationship with this species that has been domesticated for agricultural purposes for later human use.
13. Lavender extract in shaving lotion (Lavandula angustifolia) I have a commensal relationship with the lavender in my shaving lotion. Lavender has been domesticated for human use.
14. Quinoa in lunch casserole (Chenopodium quinoa). Quinoa is my prey and it has been domesticated for human consumption.
Me eating the cassarole
15. Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) I have a mutualistic relationship, I give the plant water it gives my house beauty. It has been widely domesticated for human use.
Me watering the Poinsettia
16. Rice in rice syrup (Oryza sativa), the rice is my prey and it has been domesticated for thousands of years.
17. Mold, that I scrubbed off in the shower (Yellow Cladosporium), I consider it to be a predator because it harms my body, it is not domesticated.
Me scrubbing mold
18. Caster oil in lip balm (Ricinus communis) I have a commensal relationship with my domesticated caster oil.
Me putting lip balm on
19. Live Oak trees, at school, Prescott College, (Quercus virginiana). I have a symbiotic relationship with the undomesticated oak trees.
20. The neighbor’s cat (Feline) I have a symbiotic relationship with this domesticated creator.
21. Coco in chocolate I gave someone (Lodoicea maldivica) I have a symbiotic relationship with the coco because I did not consume this domesticated species.
22. Carrot for with lunch (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) This carrot was my prey. The carrot has been domesticated for human use.
23. My parent’s dog (Canis lupus familiaris). I have a symbiotic relationship with this domesticated creator.
24. Yeast from dog’s ear infection (Malassezia Pachydermatis) I have a symbiotic relationship with the undomesticated yeast. My dog has a parasitic relationship with the yeast.
25. Bacteria from my moms kiss (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) I have a symbiotic relationship with the undomesticated bacteria.
26. Chard, for dinner (Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla.) I have a prey relationship with my chard, which has been domesticated for human use.
27. Green Olive’s in Oil (Olea europaea) I have a prey relationship with the olives in my olive oil, which has been domesticated for human use.
28. A cow, by way of the leather of my purse (Bos taurus) You could say that I have a prey relationship, because even though I didn’t eat the cow, it was killed for my use. Cows have been domesticated.
Me holding my purse
29. A sheep, by way of my wool coat (Ovis aries) I have a commensal relationship with this domesticated animal.
30. Hemp seed in the hemp milk I drank (Cannabis sativa) I have a prey relationship with the hemp that I consumed. Hemp has been domesticated for various purposes, including my innocent hemp milk.
Compendium Review Unit 4 pt 2
Table of contents
1. Deep Time Evolutionary History
2. Human Evolution
3. Natural Selection
4. Physical Landscape
5. Biological Landscape--what is domestication?
1. Deep Time Evolutionary History
Deep time is a way of expressing the amount of time that is not understandable for the humane mind. It is necessary to become comfortable with the idea of deep time for studying evolution.
a. Early Earth
The earth and its history have been studied widely. Scientists have uncovered the chemical makeup of the earth from existing ancient rocks, which give them an idea of how the earth has changed over time. The Stanly Miller experiments looked at what the young earth’s atmosphere was like, how energy was applied and studied organic molecules.
b. Evolution is a fact
Many creationists argue that evolution is not real. However, scientists argue this with facts that have been uncovered. There are many fossil records that show the evolution of species and the earth. Not to mention that many similarities exist between species that are thought to be related and be a break off of another species.
2. Human Evolution
The evolution of humans is probably the most studied part of evolution; we are after all quite self-absorbed. Humans are Homo sapiens, this is characterized by these facts, we can interbreed, there is little anatomical or biochemical difference between populations, and DNA and protean show a single common ancestor. The humans of today’s world rule the planet. This is great for us but has led to many adverse affects on the environment and other species. We are responsible for the pollution and we have been responsible for the extinction of many plants and animals; not to mention general disruption of their existence.
a. Humans are primates
Humans are most closely related to monkeys and apes, which are also primates; we share many characteristics with other primates.
3. Natural Selection
The idea of Natural Selection is the brainchild of Darwin. It says that the strongest survive creating an ever-stronger race of the species. It is similar to how farmers produce ever-healthier crops, or at least try to.
4. Physical Landscape
Humans have had quite an impact of the physical landscape of the earth, and more than just all the construction that has been done to reshape the land. We affect the water cycle, by consuming huge amounts of water and using it for agriculture and even for amusement. We have also disrupted the carbon cycle, because we harvest fossil fuels. Humans have put carbon gages into the atmosphere which many claim is responsible for climate change.
5. Biological Landscape--what is domestication?
We have created our own landscape. We have an ecosystem just like any other species, however we have over complicated how this works because of our sheer size and of course of particular living habits. We consume resources at a much larger rate than any other species. We have also changed other ecosystems in many ways and included other species in our ecosystem through domestication. Early on we simply domestication things that interacted well with humans and we’re easier to breed. Now we’ve branched out, we use domestication for research in laboratories; we have brought animals indoors to live with us.
1. Deep Time Evolutionary History
2. Human Evolution
3. Natural Selection
4. Physical Landscape
5. Biological Landscape--what is domestication?
1. Deep Time Evolutionary History
Deep time is a way of expressing the amount of time that is not understandable for the humane mind. It is necessary to become comfortable with the idea of deep time for studying evolution.
a. Early Earth
The earth and its history have been studied widely. Scientists have uncovered the chemical makeup of the earth from existing ancient rocks, which give them an idea of how the earth has changed over time. The Stanly Miller experiments looked at what the young earth’s atmosphere was like, how energy was applied and studied organic molecules.
b. Evolution is a fact
Many creationists argue that evolution is not real. However, scientists argue this with facts that have been uncovered. There are many fossil records that show the evolution of species and the earth. Not to mention that many similarities exist between species that are thought to be related and be a break off of another species.
2. Human Evolution
The evolution of humans is probably the most studied part of evolution; we are after all quite self-absorbed. Humans are Homo sapiens, this is characterized by these facts, we can interbreed, there is little anatomical or biochemical difference between populations, and DNA and protean show a single common ancestor. The humans of today’s world rule the planet. This is great for us but has led to many adverse affects on the environment and other species. We are responsible for the pollution and we have been responsible for the extinction of many plants and animals; not to mention general disruption of their existence.
a. Humans are primates
Humans are most closely related to monkeys and apes, which are also primates; we share many characteristics with other primates.
3. Natural Selection
The idea of Natural Selection is the brainchild of Darwin. It says that the strongest survive creating an ever-stronger race of the species. It is similar to how farmers produce ever-healthier crops, or at least try to.
4. Physical Landscape
Humans have had quite an impact of the physical landscape of the earth, and more than just all the construction that has been done to reshape the land. We affect the water cycle, by consuming huge amounts of water and using it for agriculture and even for amusement. We have also disrupted the carbon cycle, because we harvest fossil fuels. Humans have put carbon gages into the atmosphere which many claim is responsible for climate change.
5. Biological Landscape--what is domestication?
We have created our own landscape. We have an ecosystem just like any other species, however we have over complicated how this works because of our sheer size and of course of particular living habits. We consume resources at a much larger rate than any other species. We have also changed other ecosystems in many ways and included other species in our ecosystem through domestication. Early on we simply domestication things that interacted well with humans and we’re easier to breed. Now we’ve branched out, we use domestication for research in laboratories; we have brought animals indoors to live with us.
Thursday, December 11, 2008
Unit 4 Compendium Review: Reproduction
Table of Contents
1. Human Life Cycle
2. Meiosis again--eggs and sperm
3. Male reproductive organs
4. Female reproductive organs
5. Birth Control
6. STD’s
7. Infections
8. Fetal Development and Birth
1. Human Life Cycle
The human life cycle starts with meiosis goes through fertilization, fetal development, birth, childhood and adolescence, Adulthood, Aging and finally death. Each stage has particular biological significance to the body; it’s operation and appearance.
2. Meiosis, eggs and sperm
Meiosis is when the chromosomes from each organism are chosen for the new organism.
a. Meiosis in the male organs
In the male this happens in the tissue of the testes, which are full of seminiferous tubules, which is where sperm is created. The stem cells are always undergoing meiosis in the walls of the tubules. The sperm is collected in the epididymis. According to http://www.andrologyaustralia.org/pageContent.asp?pageCode=MALEREPROD#MALEREPRODEPI, “The epididymis is a highly coiled tube (duct) that lies at the back of the testes and connects the seminiferous tubules in the testis to another single tube called the vas deferens. The epididymis is about 5 meters long if stretched out. All sperm must pass through the epididymis when they leave the testis. When released from the testis, the sperm spend two to 10 days passing through the epididymis. During this journey, the sperm mature and gain the ability to move (swim or become motile).” The sperm that doesn’t get used goes back into the testicular tissue.
b. Meiosis in the female organs
Meiosis in females occurs in the ovaries. There are two phases, the first happens in the fetal ovary. The first phase isn’t one we often think about, it occurs when the one egg matures and breaks free from the wall of the ovary to be taken up into the fallopian tube, which happens during the menstrual cycle during ovulation. Phase two happens when the egg is fertilized.
3. Male reproductive organs
The sperm is made in the testes and carried by the vas deferens. The vas deferens is the helpful tubes that carry the sperm into the urethra to prepare for ejaculation. The semen is made by the seminal glands that are located at the base of the penis and in the prostate.
a. Vasectomy
In a vasectomy a small part of the vas deferens is cut out so that the sperm can’t get to the urethra for ejaculation. Everything else stays the same, as before in relation to the production of the sperm, now all the sperm is unused and absorbed into the testicular fluid.
4. Female reproductive organs
The clitoris, is really the female penis, it is the same tissue that would have grown into a penis had the organism been a male. The bladder is located behind the pubis. The vagina is actually a muscular tube whose opening is located just behind the urethra. The Labia majorum is the tissue that surrounds and protects the vaginal opening, clitoris and urethra. The cervix is the part that the sperm has to get around to get through the fallopian tubes the to the eggs. The Oviducts are kind enough to get the eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. The ovaries are where the first parts of meiosis take place and are of course were eggs are produced.
5. Birth Control
There are many different types of birth control with different advantages and disadvantages. The most common are those that use hormones to trick the female body into thinking it is pregnant already and there for does not allow for an additional pregnancy. There hormone choices are things like the pill, the skin pact, the Depo-Provera shot, and the ring. Then there are condoms, which are available for male and female application. The male option is the most commonly used of those two options. Similar to condoms is the diaphragm and the sponge; these both use a barrier and spermicide like condoms. The ides is if the blockage doesn’t work the spermaside will kill, or mane the sperm to the point it can’t do it’s job. Spermaside can cause irritation to both the male and the female and increase the occurrence of bladder infection in females because the chemical in spermaside also kills the good bacteria in the vagina that protects the female from bladder infections. Then there are inserts like the IUD, or Intrauterine devices, which are inserted into the vagina. According to http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/sex_relationships/facts/contraceptivecoil.htm, “They sit in your womb and prevent you from getting pregnant. They do this in three main ways: they prevent your partner’s sperm from getting through your womb and into your tubes, they alter the secretions (mucus) in your cervix, creating a further barrier for sperm, they affect your womb lining – making it less likely to ‘accept’ an egg.” There are also the permanent options of a vasectomy for the man, which I previously discussed, and for women a tubal ligation or essure. A tubal ligation is when the fallopian tube is tied, or sometimes-clipped shut so the sperm cannot get to the egg. Essure works in a similar way, a coil is inserted into the fallopian tube through the vagina, inside of the coil is a tissue growth stimulator, after 3 to 6 months tissue grows and blocks the fallopian tube.
6. STD’s
Sexually transmitted diseases are a rising problem. Viral STD’s can’t be treated with antibiotics, but some can be treated by a smaller selection of antiviral. These include; HIV, genital warts, genital herpes and hepatitis. There are also bacterial STD’s that can be treated with antibiotics; those include Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis.
a. Hepatitis
Hepatitis is an infection of the liver. There are six types, A, B, C, D, E and G. As far as STD’s go type B is the most common and is transmitted through sexual contact or through contaminated blood. It can lead to the liver failing. There is a vaccine that can be injected for protection against types A and B.
b. STD prevention
There are some things that can help prevent STD infection. Obviously is you don’t have sex it won’t be a problem. Reducing the number of partners and staying in long term relationships reduce ones changes of contraction. Partners need to be honest with each other about STD’s. And using condoms can help to prevent the spread of STD’s.
7. Infections
The reproductive track can be prone to several different types of infections. First Bacterial vaginosis or BV happens when there’s a disruption of the natural floras in the vagina and causes overgrowth of a certain bacteria. BV is responsible for 50 percent of vaginitis (infection of the vagina) in American women. Trichomoniasis is caused by protozoan (single celled eukaryotic organisms that like to be around moisture and cause many diseases). This can lead to vaginitis and causes a thick discharge, bad smell and itching. Candidiasis is a condition where there is too much yeast in the vagina. It can be caused by hormones in birth control and antibiotics. Common symptoms are red skin, inflammation, itching and white thick discharge.
8. Fetal Development and Birth
a. Fertilization and Implantation
In this first stage about a week into development mitosis is created smaller cells.
This is also called ectopic pregnancy because the fertilized egg implants.
b. Early embryonic development
The plan for the body is ready to go. The fetus is still very small, no organs have formed yet but the placenta is developing.
c. From fetus to adult
The body becomes an adult structure. The adult body has the following attributes from early on in the fetal stages: guts, brain and spinal cord, muscles and bones.
d. The Changes in the female body during pregnancy
Pregnancy is very disruptive to the female body it can cause the bladder and rectum to squeeze tightly. The stomach gets pushed on and becomes smaller requiring more frequent small meals instead of large ones. Also the immune system will respond differently and change the appetite of the mother so poisons don’t make there way to the fetus. The posture has to change because of the increased weight and mass the pregnancy creates. And of course the breasts get larger to allow for milk production.
e. Birth
Birthing can be approached many different ways. In America the hospital birth is common, but in other regions home births are more common. I was born at home; it was just dad and I my mom.
Sources: http://www.contexo.info/DNA_Basics/Meiosis.htm, http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-dictionary/Seminiferous_tubules/, http://daphne.palomar.edu/psycsoc125/HSClass/anatomy_ts/pages/m_anat.html http://www.andrologyaustralia.org/pageContent.asp?pageCode=MALEREPROD#MALEREPRODEPI, http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/sex_relationships/facts/contraceptivecoil.htm, Frolich PowerPoint for cells and Human Biology 10th edition, Human Biology 10th
1. Human Life Cycle
2. Meiosis again--eggs and sperm
3. Male reproductive organs
4. Female reproductive organs
5. Birth Control
6. STD’s
7. Infections
8. Fetal Development and Birth
1. Human Life Cycle
The human life cycle starts with meiosis goes through fertilization, fetal development, birth, childhood and adolescence, Adulthood, Aging and finally death. Each stage has particular biological significance to the body; it’s operation and appearance.
2. Meiosis, eggs and sperm
Meiosis is when the chromosomes from each organism are chosen for the new organism.
a. Meiosis in the male organs
In the male this happens in the tissue of the testes, which are full of seminiferous tubules, which is where sperm is created. The stem cells are always undergoing meiosis in the walls of the tubules. The sperm is collected in the epididymis. According to http://www.andrologyaustralia.org/pageContent.asp?pageCode=MALEREPROD#MALEREPRODEPI, “The epididymis is a highly coiled tube (duct) that lies at the back of the testes and connects the seminiferous tubules in the testis to another single tube called the vas deferens. The epididymis is about 5 meters long if stretched out. All sperm must pass through the epididymis when they leave the testis. When released from the testis, the sperm spend two to 10 days passing through the epididymis. During this journey, the sperm mature and gain the ability to move (swim or become motile).” The sperm that doesn’t get used goes back into the testicular tissue.
b. Meiosis in the female organs
Meiosis in females occurs in the ovaries. There are two phases, the first happens in the fetal ovary. The first phase isn’t one we often think about, it occurs when the one egg matures and breaks free from the wall of the ovary to be taken up into the fallopian tube, which happens during the menstrual cycle during ovulation. Phase two happens when the egg is fertilized.
3. Male reproductive organs
The sperm is made in the testes and carried by the vas deferens. The vas deferens is the helpful tubes that carry the sperm into the urethra to prepare for ejaculation. The semen is made by the seminal glands that are located at the base of the penis and in the prostate.
a. Vasectomy
In a vasectomy a small part of the vas deferens is cut out so that the sperm can’t get to the urethra for ejaculation. Everything else stays the same, as before in relation to the production of the sperm, now all the sperm is unused and absorbed into the testicular fluid.
4. Female reproductive organs
The clitoris, is really the female penis, it is the same tissue that would have grown into a penis had the organism been a male. The bladder is located behind the pubis. The vagina is actually a muscular tube whose opening is located just behind the urethra. The Labia majorum is the tissue that surrounds and protects the vaginal opening, clitoris and urethra. The cervix is the part that the sperm has to get around to get through the fallopian tubes the to the eggs. The Oviducts are kind enough to get the eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. The ovaries are where the first parts of meiosis take place and are of course were eggs are produced.
5. Birth Control
There are many different types of birth control with different advantages and disadvantages. The most common are those that use hormones to trick the female body into thinking it is pregnant already and there for does not allow for an additional pregnancy. There hormone choices are things like the pill, the skin pact, the Depo-Provera shot, and the ring. Then there are condoms, which are available for male and female application. The male option is the most commonly used of those two options. Similar to condoms is the diaphragm and the sponge; these both use a barrier and spermicide like condoms. The ides is if the blockage doesn’t work the spermaside will kill, or mane the sperm to the point it can’t do it’s job. Spermaside can cause irritation to both the male and the female and increase the occurrence of bladder infection in females because the chemical in spermaside also kills the good bacteria in the vagina that protects the female from bladder infections. Then there are inserts like the IUD, or Intrauterine devices, which are inserted into the vagina. According to http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/sex_relationships/facts/contraceptivecoil.htm, “They sit in your womb and prevent you from getting pregnant. They do this in three main ways: they prevent your partner’s sperm from getting through your womb and into your tubes, they alter the secretions (mucus) in your cervix, creating a further barrier for sperm, they affect your womb lining – making it less likely to ‘accept’ an egg.” There are also the permanent options of a vasectomy for the man, which I previously discussed, and for women a tubal ligation or essure. A tubal ligation is when the fallopian tube is tied, or sometimes-clipped shut so the sperm cannot get to the egg. Essure works in a similar way, a coil is inserted into the fallopian tube through the vagina, inside of the coil is a tissue growth stimulator, after 3 to 6 months tissue grows and blocks the fallopian tube.
6. STD’s
Sexually transmitted diseases are a rising problem. Viral STD’s can’t be treated with antibiotics, but some can be treated by a smaller selection of antiviral. These include; HIV, genital warts, genital herpes and hepatitis. There are also bacterial STD’s that can be treated with antibiotics; those include Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis.
a. Hepatitis
Hepatitis is an infection of the liver. There are six types, A, B, C, D, E and G. As far as STD’s go type B is the most common and is transmitted through sexual contact or through contaminated blood. It can lead to the liver failing. There is a vaccine that can be injected for protection against types A and B.
b. STD prevention
There are some things that can help prevent STD infection. Obviously is you don’t have sex it won’t be a problem. Reducing the number of partners and staying in long term relationships reduce ones changes of contraction. Partners need to be honest with each other about STD’s. And using condoms can help to prevent the spread of STD’s.
7. Infections
The reproductive track can be prone to several different types of infections. First Bacterial vaginosis or BV happens when there’s a disruption of the natural floras in the vagina and causes overgrowth of a certain bacteria. BV is responsible for 50 percent of vaginitis (infection of the vagina) in American women. Trichomoniasis is caused by protozoan (single celled eukaryotic organisms that like to be around moisture and cause many diseases). This can lead to vaginitis and causes a thick discharge, bad smell and itching. Candidiasis is a condition where there is too much yeast in the vagina. It can be caused by hormones in birth control and antibiotics. Common symptoms are red skin, inflammation, itching and white thick discharge.
8. Fetal Development and Birth
a. Fertilization and Implantation
In this first stage about a week into development mitosis is created smaller cells.
This is also called ectopic pregnancy because the fertilized egg implants.
b. Early embryonic development
The plan for the body is ready to go. The fetus is still very small, no organs have formed yet but the placenta is developing.
c. From fetus to adult
The body becomes an adult structure. The adult body has the following attributes from early on in the fetal stages: guts, brain and spinal cord, muscles and bones.
d. The Changes in the female body during pregnancy
Pregnancy is very disruptive to the female body it can cause the bladder and rectum to squeeze tightly. The stomach gets pushed on and becomes smaller requiring more frequent small meals instead of large ones. Also the immune system will respond differently and change the appetite of the mother so poisons don’t make there way to the fetus. The posture has to change because of the increased weight and mass the pregnancy creates. And of course the breasts get larger to allow for milk production.
e. Birth
Birthing can be approached many different ways. In America the hospital birth is common, but in other regions home births are more common. I was born at home; it was just dad and I my mom.
Sources: http://www.contexo.info/DNA_Basics/Meiosis.htm, http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-dictionary/Seminiferous_tubules/, http://daphne.palomar.edu/psycsoc125/HSClass/anatomy_ts/pages/m_anat.html http://www.andrologyaustralia.org/pageContent.asp?pageCode=MALEREPROD#MALEREPRODEPI, http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/sex_relationships/facts/contraceptivecoil.htm, Frolich PowerPoint for cells and Human Biology 10th edition, Human Biology 10th
Wednesday, December 10, 2008
Unit 4 pt 2 Lab: HUMAN POPULATION DEMOGRAPHICS
Afghanistan
France
1. What was your high fertility rate country and what was its fertility rate?
Afghanistan with a very high rate of 6.4 children.
2. What was your low fertility rate country and what was its fertility rate?
France with a 1.8 fertility rate.
3. The initial demographic "shape" of your high fertility rate country should have been a pyramid, with high population in young age groups. Explain why high fertility rate results in a high percentage of young people in the population. How does this affect future population growth?
Because new humans are produced at such a high rate there are many more of the younger generations than older ones. The way it affects the future population depends on the behavior of the younger generations. If they produce at the same high rate as there parents that would create a future ratio that would be more balanced from young to old, if their reproduction drops significantly it would result in a large population that are older in the future.
4. Your low fertility rate country might have had a more oval-shaped curve with high population in middle age groups. This is especially exaggerated if the fertility rate is below 2.00. Explain why low fertility rate leads to lots of middle-aged people.
Because those who are at the age to produce children aren’t, so in the ten to twenty years they become the larger population because they didn’t create enough to replace them.
5. Write ten adjectives or descriptive phrases for what you might expect life, people's attitudes, conditions on the streets, etc. will be like in each of those situations. Imagine a situation with lots of middle-aged and older people in the population and write ten quick "brain-storm" descriptors for you think it would be like (Prescott, Arizona?). Then do the same for a situation with lots of children in the population.
For Afghanistan:
Crowded
Family-Oriented
Poor
Few resources
Lot’s of diapers
Stay at home mom
Helpless
Proud
Protective
Fulfilled
For France:
Anxious
Searching
Loving
Blessed
Appreciation
Simple
Safe
Organized
Career-minded
Only child
France
1. What was your high fertility rate country and what was its fertility rate?
Afghanistan with a very high rate of 6.4 children.
2. What was your low fertility rate country and what was its fertility rate?
France with a 1.8 fertility rate.
3. The initial demographic "shape" of your high fertility rate country should have been a pyramid, with high population in young age groups. Explain why high fertility rate results in a high percentage of young people in the population. How does this affect future population growth?
Because new humans are produced at such a high rate there are many more of the younger generations than older ones. The way it affects the future population depends on the behavior of the younger generations. If they produce at the same high rate as there parents that would create a future ratio that would be more balanced from young to old, if their reproduction drops significantly it would result in a large population that are older in the future.
4. Your low fertility rate country might have had a more oval-shaped curve with high population in middle age groups. This is especially exaggerated if the fertility rate is below 2.00. Explain why low fertility rate leads to lots of middle-aged people.
Because those who are at the age to produce children aren’t, so in the ten to twenty years they become the larger population because they didn’t create enough to replace them.
5. Write ten adjectives or descriptive phrases for what you might expect life, people's attitudes, conditions on the streets, etc. will be like in each of those situations. Imagine a situation with lots of middle-aged and older people in the population and write ten quick "brain-storm" descriptors for you think it would be like (Prescott, Arizona?). Then do the same for a situation with lots of children in the population.
For Afghanistan:
Crowded
Family-Oriented
Poor
Few resources
Lot’s of diapers
Stay at home mom
Helpless
Proud
Protective
Fulfilled
For France:
Anxious
Searching
Loving
Blessed
Appreciation
Simple
Safe
Organized
Career-minded
Only child
Unit 4 Ethical Issues Essay
Human population and its impact on the world and its resources has been an issue I have been aware of for quite some time. This gave me a new opportunity to learn much more than I had before about the subject and the many dimensions of it.
I found the argument that two children do much more than simply replace the parents. It seems to me than many reproduce out of habit, please don’t get me wrong I am not condemning having children I have just known many people who later in life look back and don’t really remember a conscious decision to have children. That being said it is amazing what one couple having two offspring can create? There is no guarantee that those children will grow up to have the same moderate number of children. Also there is the trend that shows that those whom have lower number of children use more resources. However I don’t think that the consumption of resources is that black and white, so-called “civilized” nations simply have grown accustomed to a very different type of lifestyle. Still it is important to consider the impact of the children we bring into the world, and for those that are brought into the world to raise them to be stewards of the earth. Especially because I see no real solution to the energy crisis, the methods that fuel corporate pocketbooks will always be the most popular.
Then there is the very interesting reality of Asia’s aging population. Again I find myself worrying for the people of China. It is undoubtedly a tough road ahead at least if things keep to their current trend. With China’s habit of poor decisions that adherently affect their population’s livelihood.
Finally the issue of the sex ratio imbalance is a fascinating one. I have always heard that there is a larger number of females world wide, one contributing factor to that was that more men fight in wars than do women, hence an exasperation of the difference. This seems a much more uncontrollable issue than the others that have been discussed. It is hard to argue with Mother Nature, but some may and have gender based abortions to bring more women into the world. I also can’t imagine the heart ach of so many not being able to marry.
Still I think that inevitably things work themselves out. While there may be problems coming the future due to changes in demographics, problems often also present new solutions and innovations.
I found the argument that two children do much more than simply replace the parents. It seems to me than many reproduce out of habit, please don’t get me wrong I am not condemning having children I have just known many people who later in life look back and don’t really remember a conscious decision to have children. That being said it is amazing what one couple having two offspring can create? There is no guarantee that those children will grow up to have the same moderate number of children. Also there is the trend that shows that those whom have lower number of children use more resources. However I don’t think that the consumption of resources is that black and white, so-called “civilized” nations simply have grown accustomed to a very different type of lifestyle. Still it is important to consider the impact of the children we bring into the world, and for those that are brought into the world to raise them to be stewards of the earth. Especially because I see no real solution to the energy crisis, the methods that fuel corporate pocketbooks will always be the most popular.
Then there is the very interesting reality of Asia’s aging population. Again I find myself worrying for the people of China. It is undoubtedly a tough road ahead at least if things keep to their current trend. With China’s habit of poor decisions that adherently affect their population’s livelihood.
Finally the issue of the sex ratio imbalance is a fascinating one. I have always heard that there is a larger number of females world wide, one contributing factor to that was that more men fight in wars than do women, hence an exasperation of the difference. This seems a much more uncontrollable issue than the others that have been discussed. It is hard to argue with Mother Nature, but some may and have gender based abortions to bring more women into the world. I also can’t imagine the heart ach of so many not being able to marry.
Still I think that inevitably things work themselves out. While there may be problems coming the future due to changes in demographics, problems often also present new solutions and innovations.
Thursday, November 20, 2008
Unit 4 part 1 lab: fetal development
Event 1: Carnegie stage 10, which occurs after ovulation in the 21 to 23 day of a women’s cycle. This event is significant because the very beginning stages of development are starting for the eyes, ears and heart. It is a great example of how quickly that, what which was once an egg turns into a human.
Event 2: Carnegie stage 11 occurs 23-25 days after ovulation. It is the early development, which is most significant to me because it is when the building blocks for future development. Now the heart is beating, it is only the beginning; the heart is kind of practicing because the blood vessels have yet to develop. And we can now see the umbilical cord.
Event 3: Carnegie stage 16 occurs 37-42 days after ovulation. Now the brain has practically developed, specifically the part of the brain that controls the heart, breathing and muscles. The lower jaw is now visible, the hand starts to become it’s own part from the limb bud, and the thigh and foot can now be seen as a part of the leg bud.
Event 4: Carnegie stage occurs 42-44 days after ovulation. Now we’re cooking so much occurs in this stage. The heart is now separating into its four separate chambers and the diaphragm forms. The sense of smell develops in the brain, the ears are now visible and teeth begin to develop. Also the pituitary glad begins to form. It is about to decide which gender to be, and the trunk is becoming straighter preparing to become a spine.
Event 5: Carnegie stage 18 occurs 44-48 days post ovulation. The eyes develop color and the eyelid appears. Nipples are created on the chest and the kidneys start to produce urine. And the arms are ready to go.
Event 6: Carnegie stage 20 occurs 51-53 days after ovulation. Now the baby is starting to look like a human. It can now create voluntary movement, the nasal openings have formed, and the gender has been decided. The arms are full and bend at the elbow and the toes look like duck feet.
Event 7: Carnegie stage 23 occurs 56-60 days after ovulation the head is now standing up from the rest of the body. The ear is complete; the taste buds begin to form. Limbs are formed and the toes and fingers have separated. Now the tail has disappeared.
Event 8: Week 10 the baby can now be measured in inches and is about 1.25 to 1.68 inches long. The structure of the brain is complete and hair follicles start to form on the face. The baby can now make vocal sounds through the vocal cords, which have formed in the larynx. The gender organs are starting to show their gender. The nails begin to development and the skin becomes very sensitive.
Event 9: Week 12 the heart beat can now be detected. The spleen is ready to go. The gender organs are now visible and the gender of the baby can be identified. Sweet glands and hair start to grow.
Event 10: Week 16 figures prints are starting to develop. The ears are standing out from the head and are fully developed. The eyes are facing forward and the baby can now blink. I think this stage is most significant because the figure prints are developing, which are so significant in human life.
Note: I found so many stages to be significant that I did not span the whole pregnancy. I had no idea how much happened during development. I loved this assignment.
Event 2: Carnegie stage 11 occurs 23-25 days after ovulation. It is the early development, which is most significant to me because it is when the building blocks for future development. Now the heart is beating, it is only the beginning; the heart is kind of practicing because the blood vessels have yet to develop. And we can now see the umbilical cord.
Event 3: Carnegie stage 16 occurs 37-42 days after ovulation. Now the brain has practically developed, specifically the part of the brain that controls the heart, breathing and muscles. The lower jaw is now visible, the hand starts to become it’s own part from the limb bud, and the thigh and foot can now be seen as a part of the leg bud.
Event 4: Carnegie stage occurs 42-44 days after ovulation. Now we’re cooking so much occurs in this stage. The heart is now separating into its four separate chambers and the diaphragm forms. The sense of smell develops in the brain, the ears are now visible and teeth begin to develop. Also the pituitary glad begins to form. It is about to decide which gender to be, and the trunk is becoming straighter preparing to become a spine.
Event 5: Carnegie stage 18 occurs 44-48 days post ovulation. The eyes develop color and the eyelid appears. Nipples are created on the chest and the kidneys start to produce urine. And the arms are ready to go.
Event 6: Carnegie stage 20 occurs 51-53 days after ovulation. Now the baby is starting to look like a human. It can now create voluntary movement, the nasal openings have formed, and the gender has been decided. The arms are full and bend at the elbow and the toes look like duck feet.
Event 7: Carnegie stage 23 occurs 56-60 days after ovulation the head is now standing up from the rest of the body. The ear is complete; the taste buds begin to form. Limbs are formed and the toes and fingers have separated. Now the tail has disappeared.
Event 8: Week 10 the baby can now be measured in inches and is about 1.25 to 1.68 inches long. The structure of the brain is complete and hair follicles start to form on the face. The baby can now make vocal sounds through the vocal cords, which have formed in the larynx. The gender organs are starting to show their gender. The nails begin to development and the skin becomes very sensitive.
Event 9: Week 12 the heart beat can now be detected. The spleen is ready to go. The gender organs are now visible and the gender of the baby can be identified. Sweet glands and hair start to grow.
Event 10: Week 16 figures prints are starting to develop. The ears are standing out from the head and are fully developed. The eyes are facing forward and the baby can now blink. I think this stage is most significant because the figure prints are developing, which are so significant in human life.
Note: I found so many stages to be significant that I did not span the whole pregnancy. I had no idea how much happened during development. I loved this assignment.
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